In general, a thermobaric explosive consists of a certain central charge, which is usually a. The term pbx, for private branch exchange, is in most cases simply a synonym for business phone system. It goes without saying that a television shopping channel would need an extremely reliable and effective phone system to meet the high demand they would be facing from customers. The platform also offers an easy to understand webbased gui, and the process to install should be a rather simple one just by. In this example, the drop weight had an impact velocity of 3 m s1, and the striker achieved an initial velocity. A polymerbonded explosive, also called pbx or plasticbonded explosive, is an explosive. There are several pbxn explosives, the 5 suffix is an arbitrary identifier which is assigned.
Pbxw17 is the rdx analogue of pbxn 9, which contains hmx and is thus more. Pbxn5 pbxn7 pbxn9 pbxw128 pbxw11 ch6 lead booster pellet detonation occurred yes yes yes yes yes yes average block dent output in. It is known that the violence of explosive response is affected by inertial and mechanical confinement. Shock sensitivity of many of the available types of rdx was evaluated in a standard formulation pbxn 109, which contains class 1 rdx and aluminum in an inert binder. Pbxn 301 pbxn 4 pbxn 5 pbxn 6 pbxn 7 pbxn 9 pbxn5 pbxn6 pbxw 11 pbxw 1 pbxw 114 pbxw 115 pbxw 9 penthritol np 10t mixture of pentrite nk and tnt in ratio 90 suspension technology. Complete processability studies on pbxn109 with 2nd qtr the 37mm continuous processorextruder. The office of naval research provided all rdx ingredients through the combat safe. Rheinmetall defence, is the pbxn109 composed by the 64% of rdx, the 20% of aluminum, and the 16 % of binder. The focus of that work was on the explosive pbxn109. Completepbx 5 evaluation system is a fully functional and free software pbx virtual machine. In a mechanical insult, the impact location creates a contact pressure that can act as confinement. Compressive properties of pbxn5 and pbxw11 before and after.
Enhanced performance from insensitive explosives ronald brown, john gamble, dave amondson, ronald williams, paul murch, and joshua lusk physics department naval postgraduate school, monterey, ca 93943 contact. Internet protocol pbxes, or ip pbxes, are phone systems that connect calls via the internet rather than the traditional phone network. With a software pbx, the phone system becomes another set of software. According to lu 2001, for pnxn 109, the velocity of detonation calculated with cheetah was compared to pbxn 109eb. Sample manufacturing process ih21005gxn1090300 royal ordnance type 1 class 1 woolwich. Pbxdoms easytouse solutions are found in businesses of all sizes. Mildtl82874 explosive, plasticbonded, pressed, pbxn7. The reduced sensitivity and good processability of the highquality rdx would be significant in improving the performances of rdxbased pbxs. At one time, telephone exchanges were offices where circuits mechanically switched to connect calls between subscribers. Sciencemadness discussion board thermobaric explosives. For example, pbxn 110, composed of 88% hmx and 12% polymeric binder, is designed to fragment a warheads metal case and drive the fragments at high velocity, whereas pbxn109, composed of 64% rdx. The solution makes it possible to enable extensions to make calls on both the pstn or.
Pbxn 301 pbxn 4 pbxn 5 pbxn 6 pbxn 7 pbxn 9 pbxn5 pbxn6 pbxw 11 pbxw 1 pbxw 114 pbxw 115 pbxw 9 penthritol np 10t mixture of pentrite nk and tnt in ratio 90 suspension. Filled with either tritonal or pbxn 109 explosive accommodates a variety of us and international fuzes cleared and certified for flight on numerous us air force, us navy, and international aircraft. The weight percent of each ingredient shall be to two significant figures. In 2003, liu and ellis performed taylor tests on pbx 9501 up to speeds of 115 ms, capturing impact images using highspeed. Smart developers and agile software teams write better code faster using modern oop practices and rad studios robust frameworks and featurerich ide. The software pbx is the result of an evolution that has occurred over the last 10 years, driven by an important trendthe convergence of voice and data technologies. Both explosives are intended for use in metal acceleration andor fragmentation applications. The introduction of castable plastic bonded explosives, pbxs.
There was no great desire to fund programs to utilize propellant technology to develop less sensitive. The seven types of class 1 rdx are listed in table 1, along with their lot numbers. In the new formulation named pbxn109eb, inert htpb. Compressive properties of pbxn5 and pbxw11 before and after ageing at 60oc for 3 and 6 months gunnar ove nevstad forsvarets forskningsinstituttnorwegian defence research establishment ffi. There are several pbxn explosives, the 5 suffix is an arbitrary identifier which is assigned sequentially. Castcure htpbbased explosives, including rowanex 1001, hbu88b, pbxn 109, cx84, cx85 pressed explosives. An insensitive high explosive made with plastic bonding techniques, used in a wide range of u. Mildtl82901 explosive, plasticbonded, cast pbxn 110 this specification covers the requirements for two types of cast pbxn 110 plasticbonded explosive \see 6. The introduction of castable plastic bonded explosives. Download free virtual pbx private branch exchange, download. Castcure htpbbased explosives, including rowanex 1001, hbu88b, pbxn109, cx84, cx85 pressed explosives. The sensitive pbxn101 formulation mentioned previously was an example of this focus on energy. In the new formulation named pbxn 109eb, inert htpb hydroxylterminated.
Simulations of deformation processes in energetic materials. In general, a thermobaric explosive consists of a certain central charge, which is usually a high explosive, and an external secondary charge fuelrich fo. Sep 23, 2016 the 3cx phone system is another software based, opensource pbx that is based on the sip standard. The formulation described in table 1 was based on the certificate of analysis for this specific lot number. High performance polymerbonded explosive containing. Mechanical characterization of high explosive pbxn9. Both thermobaric and fae devices operate relying on some similar technical principles. For example, pbxn110, composed of 88% hmx and 12% polymeric binder, is designed to fragment a warheads metal case and drive the fragments at high velocity, whereas pbxn109, composed of 64%.
Understanding and predicting the thermal explosion. A new formulation of plastic bonded explosive pbx using energetic polymers as binder and plasticizer is herein reported. Pbxn 110 is a plastic bonded explosive pbx with relatively high binder content that contains 88wt% hmx and 12wt% htpbbased binder. Hygroscopic properties of pbxn unt digital library. Compared with conventional rdxs, the highquality rdx reduced the shock sensitivities of pbxn109 and pbxw115 by more than 30%, indicating that it was a rsrdx. The pbxn111 shall be a plasticbonded, castable material that contains a plastic material used to bond the solid component material to form a flexible explosive. As expected, the strength of pbxn 110 was found to exhibit strong. Pdf preparation and characterization of pbxn109eb as a.
Pbxn109 and arx2014m1 are nominally exactly the same formulation table 1. The focus of that work was on the explosive pbxn 109. Filled with either tritonal or pbxn109 explosive accommodates a variety of us and international fuzes cleared and certified for flight on numerous us air force, us navy, and international aircraft. We validated this model using data from small scale slow cookoff tests navys pipe bomb and lawrence livermore national laboratories stex setup and full scale tests navys heavy wall penetrator and. Pbxs are normally used for explosive materials that are not easily melted into a casting, or are otherwise. A pure analog of the pbxn 110 binder system was tested for comparison to the strain rate and temperature dependence of the composite pbxn 110. The formulation of explosive pbxn 111 shall comply with the requirements specified in table i see 6. Samples of hytemp 4454 from zeon were used as received for the neat binder studies. A maximum of 7 percent class 5 rdx may be used in the formulation to improve processing characteristics. Jun 03, 2016 in a hosted pbx deployment model, the provider hosts the pbx hardware and software in its own data center, and the business simply pays a monthly fee for each extension serviced by the cloud system. The goal was to discover the threshold velocity for the initiation of the explosive. Top 10 free open source pbx software solutions getvoip.
Internet protocol pbxes, or ip pbxes, are phone systems that connect calls via the internet. Pdf preparation and characterization of pbxn109eb as a new. Pbxn109 65% rdx, 21% al, 7 wt% htpb hydroxyterminated polybutadiene, 7 wt% doa dioctyl adipate. Pbxn109 loaded bombs satisfied all of the navy im requirements except sympathetic detonation in the stowage configuration. In the new formulation named pbxn109eb, inert htpb hydroxylterminated. The solution makes it possible to enable extensions to make calls on both the pstn or just standard voip services. In 2003, liu and ellis performed taylor tests on pbx 9501 up to speeds of 115 ms, capturing impact images using highspeed photography 2. Mildtl82886 explosive, plasticbonded, cast pbxn109 this specification establishes the requirements for the procurement of one type of cast plasticbonded explosive, pbxn109 \see 6. Enhanced performance from insensitive explosives ronald brown, john gamble, dave amondson, ronald williams, paul murch, and joshua lusk physics department naval postgraduate. Is there a difference between thermobaric bombs and fuel. To estimate the response of pbxn 109 to cookoff and shock aggression tests were conducted in laboratoryscale equipment, viz. Taylor impact tests and simulations of plasticbonded. The htpb binder in pbxn109 is highly plasticized and is fairly stable chemically. Penthritol np 10t is designed for production of detonating cords, detonators, primers, boosters and high explosives.
The evaluation system may be later on upgraded to any number of. Is there a difference between thermobaric bombs and fuel air. With convenient pbx integration options to quickly and easily deliver cti, ivr, and acd capabilities on top of your existing telephony infrastructure, five9 can deliver a low. For example, pbxn 110, composed of 88% hmx and 12% polymeric binder, is designed to fragment a warheads metal case and drive the fragments at high velocity, whereas pbxn 109, composed of 64% rdx. The sensitive pbxn 101 formulation mentioned previously was an example of this focus on energy. Meeting all but the sympathetic detonation requirement was a substantial improvement over the tntbased explosive use in these weapons.
According to lu 2001, for pnxn109, the velocity of detonation calculated with cheetah was compared to pbxn109eb. The software pbx is the key technology enabling the phone industry to move to open systems. Pbxs are normally used for explosive materials that are not easily melted into a casting, or are otherwise difficult to form. Mildtl82901 explosive, plasticbonded, cast pbxn110 this specification covers the requirements for two types of cast pbxn110 plasticbonded explosive \see 6. The material is composed of 95% hmx and 5% viton binder. Compared with conventional rdxs, the highquality rdx reduced the shock sensitivities of pbxn 109 and pbxw115 by more than 30%, indicating that it was a rsrdx. Pbxw17 is designed as a lowcost replacement for pbxn9. In a mechanical insult, the impact location creates a contact pressure that can act as confinement surrounding the ignition location, as has been observed in the skid test experiment. There was no great desire to fund programs to utilize propellant technology to develop less sensitive explosives because the sensitivity of munitions to extremes of heat, shock and impact was known but not recognized as a problem. The pbxn109 formulation containing dyno nobel cxm7 and filled into the. Pbxn 109 65% rdx, 21% al, 7 wt% htpb hydroxyterminated polybutadiene, 7 wt% doa dioctyl adipate. Addition of class 5 rdx shall be made at the expense of class 1 rdx.
The completepbx 5 evaluation virtual machine is limited to three extensions. The htpb binder in pbxn 109 is highly plasticized and is fairly stable chemically. The pbxn 111 shall be a plasticbonded, castable material that contains a plastic material used to bond the solid component material to form a flexible explosive. The wellestablished ignition and growth model 1 in the lsdyna software is. Evaluation of australian rdx in pbxn109 semantic scholar.
By running the virtual machine you will get access to all the builtin features of completepbx 5 software pbx. The 3cx phone system is another softwarebased, opensource pbx that is based on the sip standard. Taylor impact tests and simulations of plasticbonded explosives. The response of the hmxbased material pbxn9 to thermal.
Shock sensitivity of pbxn109 when containing different. Clean, agile alternative binders, additives and plasticizers. Due to problems with the calibration software for the digital camera the. We validated this model using data from small scale slow cookoff tests navys pipe bomb and lawrence livermore national laboratories stex setup and full scale tests navys heavy wall penetrator and 500 lb gp bomb, all for an rdx based relatively plastic bonded explosive formulation called pbxn 109. All of the call routing, as well as the configuration and maintenance of the system, is performed in the cloud. Pbxn 109 loaded bombs satisfied all of the navy im requirements except sympathetic detonation in the stowage configuration. Compressive properties of pbxn5 and pbxw11 before and. Butyl nena plasticised research formulation designated rf6743 solids loading level 77% vv 83. Complete small scale formulation of uw explosive 2nd qtr candidates at hercules, inc. They provide the highest level of service, including product training, presales services, and ongoing support.
Preparation of pbxn 109 samples with rdx source variants. Full details of the pbxw17 formulation are obtainable from naval systems sea command sea05m. Pbxw17 is designed as a lowcost replacement for pbxn 9. The result of this testing showed pbxn 109 to react relatively mildly during cookoff and to be moderately sensitive to shock, again, in keeping with published data. Energetic materials surety program and by the dod of. A polymerbonded explosive, also called pbx or plasticbonded explosive, is an explosive material in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix using small quantities typically 510% by weight of a synthetic polymer.
494 1504 57 1577 359 700 1354 1377 161 1500 26 485 1528 1415 380 1180 1521 1326 1138 1195 1300 89 423 78 899 1298 1317 690 543 121 401 41 1321 459 71 659 1491 485 1342